Beer foam generated by malt proteins, yeast, hops,
and carbon dioxide is considered a significant element
contributing to freshness and quality by beer connoisseurs,[1]
providing better flavor and aroma than those made by
ancient fermentation processes. The attractive look of
the beer foam also leaves a lasting first impression on
consumers. Foam quality can be characterized by many
properties, including its whiteness, bubble size, retention
time, strength, and viscosity, among which stability is a
dominant indicator.[2] The difference in beer stability can be
traced back to alcohol content, wort concentration, brewing
process, and packaging form