Tag: Surface Area- Chemisorption and Physisorption

SA-9600

Horiba Scientific
SA-9600

BET Flowing Gas Surface Area Analysers

  • Fully automatic
  • Lowest cost ownership
  • No user calibration requires

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Beckman Coulter LS 13 320 XR Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analyser 21 CFR Part 11

The surface area of a material is, in many cases, as important as the chemical properties. As particle size decreases, surface area increases. Porosity of materials – from micropores to macropores – contribute even more to the total surface area. The interface at the surface is what defines how a solid reacts to other substances, be they gases, liquids, or solids.

Surface area can impact shelf life, stability, dissolution and efficacy of pharmaceutical powders and tablets. Likewise, surface area can affect the rheological properties and hiding powers of pigments, paints, and coatings. It has a significant impact on the ability for materials like catalysts, adsorbents, filtration materials and air separation products to react in the designed application. Ceramics used in applications ranging from; dinner plates, to dental implants, to electronics, all are affected by surface area.

While particle size is frequently used to control size reduction and milling of minerals and other substances, surface area can provide substantial size reduction feedback. Many times, a material which may have the same particle size across different batches may reveal completely different surface areas due to small changes in processing.

The HORIBA Solution

The SA-9600 series of surface area analysers brings exceptional speed, convenience, and low cost-per-analysis to surface area measurement on a wide variety of materials. Now you can perform ultra-fast single or multi-point surface area measurements with push-button ease.

These tools use the robust and proven flowing gas method to acquire gas adsorption and desorption data. This information is then used to calculate total surface area utilising the well-known BET method. The advantage of the flowing gas method is most evident in single-point mode where up to thirty sample analyses can be performed per hour.

The patented SA-9600 technology provides routine total surface area determination in as little as two to six minutes. The SA-9603 models feature three stations for three simultaneous surface area measurements.

  • Features

    Fully Automatic

    Begin analyses with simplicity. The SA-9600 does the rest! The entire analysis is completed without further interaction and avoids the manual steps required with many similar analysers.

    Small Footprint

    Laboratory bench space is at a premium in most labs. The SA-9600 provides all analysis and preparation stations in one small, well-designed cabinet. No need for additional space for separate analysis and preparation devices as with many alternative analyzers. If expansion is needed, additional stations are added in the same footprint – not by adding more devices which consume more space on the lab bench. The SA-9600 may also be controlled from the built-in computer and keyboard saving additional space in your lab.

    No User Calibration Required

    To ensure repeatable accuracy, the SA-9600 performs an automatic calibration before every measurement. And from there, the SA-9600 technology eliminates variables otherwise introduced by operator involvement.

    Lowest Cost of Ownership

    The use of mass flow controllers in some versions of the SA-9600 series automatically create the necessary mixtures of nitrogen and helium for multi-point BET surface area analysis. This lowers the total cost of ownership by eliminating the need to purchase expensive gas mixtures. Straight forward design ensures service costs are minimal compared to more complex, static volumetric technology.

    Detector Protection

    An automated bypass loop and cell detector switch limits the effects of missing or broken sample cells by bypassing the detector when gas flow to the cell stops.

    Electronic Valves

    Reliable electronic valves eliminate the need for a compressed air or gas supply to actuate valves during the measurement process, further lowering cost of ownership.

    Improved Gas Handling

    Thoughtful design of manifold layout and valve selection result in more stable, balanced flow, improving repeatability, lowering maintenance costs, and easing operation.

    Robust Dewar Elevator System

    A rugged mechanical design means smoother and reliable movement of the Dewar tray that raises and lowers the LN2 Dewars.

    Software Control

    The SA-9600 software was designed to be easy as 1, 2, 3.

    • Type sample name
    • Choose measurement type
    • Click “Start”

    And in a few minutes the full surface area report will be complete.

    View the measurement in real-time to see the auto-calibration, adsorption, and desorption.

    Flexibility

    Built-in functions allow optimization of system for different sample types.

    • Gas concentration of mixed gases may be precisely controlled to give results identical to the multipoint method.
    • A wide variety of sample cells are available, allowing measurements to be made on diverse sample types.

    Use the feature-rich SA-9600 software to control the unit via USB communication or use the built-in keyboard and display.

    High Throughput

    Every SA-9600 model includes multiple sample preparation stations (2 or 3 depending on model). For very high throughput environments the SA-9660 accessory provides three additional stations.

  • Specifications

    BET Surface Area Measurement Range

    Total Surface Area: 0.1 to 50 m2
    Specific Surface Area: Approximately 0.01 – 2,000 m2/g
    Much more sensitive to low surface area samples than volumetric type analyzers, allowing the use of samples less than 1g and as low as 0.1 square meters in the sample cell.

    Accuracy and Precision

    Reproducibility is better than 1% COV.
    Accuracy is better than 10% for most samples.

    The SA-9600 Series offers a full line of high-quality, high-performance BET Surface Area Analyzers with four fully automatic analyzers to meet the needs of any research or quality assurance laboratory. The SA-9600 Series analyzers include:

    • SA-9601: One sample analysis station, two sample preparation stations.
    • SA-9601MP: One sample analysis station, two sample preparation stations, MFC gas mixture control and multi-point analysis.
    • SA-9603: Three sample analysis stations, three sample preparation stations.
    • SA-9603MP: Three sample analysis stations, three sample preparation stations, MFC gas mixture control and multi-point analysis.
    • SA-9660: Three sample preparation stations.
  • Applications

    Single and Multi point comparison

    Surface Area Standards

    Metal Powders

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Micro Series

3P Instruments
Micro Series

Volumetric Sorption Analyser

  • Easy upgrades to micropore capabilities
  • Single-/Multipoint-BET surface area (DIN 66131, ISO 9277)
  • Total pore volume and average pore radius

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Beckman Coulter LS 13 320 XR Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analyser 21 CFR Part 11

The 3P micro series includes fully automated volumetric sorption analyzers for measuring adsorption and desorption of Nitrogen and other non-corrosive gases on one (3P micro 100), two (3P micro 200) or three (3P micro 300) independent analysis stations.

The instruments can be fitted with a turbomolecular pump and low-pressure sensors for micropore analysis and Krypton physisorption. Depending on customer requests, the instruments can be equipped with only mesopore stations (A version), micro- and mesopore stations (B/B1 version) or only micropore stations (C/C1 version). Each analysis station has its own dosing manifold for optimal analysis duration. Regardless of the starting time, the analysis will take the same amount of time! Each analysis station comes with its own p0 cell with a dedicated pressure sensor. The stations are fully independent from one another, analysis can be started at any time.

The 3P micro 100 and 200 have two integrated separate degassing stations that can be operated parallel to the analysis stations. The three analysis stations of the 3P micro 300 can be used for in-situ sample preparation to avoid sample contamination.

  • Technical Specs

    • 3P micro 100 and 200: two separate sample preparation stations with integrated cooling trap, optional separate pump system for degasser available
    • 3P micro 300: 3 independent analysis stations with integrated in-situ sample preparation
    • Easy upgrades to micropore capabilities
    • Besides Nitrogen, other adsorbates are possible (e.g., CO2, Ar, Kr, H2, O2, CO, NH3, CH4) (10 gas ports)
    • Software-assisted presentation of isotherms and kinetic data (equilibrium pressure vs. Time)
    • Static-volumetric analysis setup
    • State-of-the-art internal pressure regulators
    • Single-/Multipoint-BET surface area (DIN 66131, ISO 9277)
    • Langmuir surface area
    • Adsorption and desorption isotherms
    • Total pore volume and average pore radius
    • NLDFT (density functional theory)
    • Mesopore size distribution according to BJH (DIN 66134) and DH method
    • Micropore analysis (DIN 66135) according to t-plot, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Horvath-Kawazoe and Saito-Foley method
  • Techniques

    BET Surface Area

    Gas Adsorption

  • Applications

    CO2 Absorption Study

    Porous Materials

    Micropore Absorption

    Surface & Pore Structure

    Ultra-micropores

    Adsoptives

    Micropores

    Isotherms

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Meso Series

3P Instruments
Meso Series

Physisorption Analysers

  • One (3P meso 112), two (3P meso 222) or four (3P meso 400) independent analysis stations
  • Single-/Multipoint-BET-surface area determination (DIN 66131, ISO 9277)
  • Real data down to 10nm

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Beckman Coulter LS 13 320 XR Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analyser 21 CFR Part 11

3P Meso Series – Physisorption Analyser

The 3P meso series of Physisorption Analysers offers fully automated volumetric sorption analysis with Nitrogen and other non-corrosive gases (e.g., CO2, Ar, Kr, H2, O2, CO, NH3 or CH4) on one, two or four analysis stations, respectively. It allows the characterisation of mesoporous materials at a minimum of space requirements.

The 3P meso 112 is capable of measuring one sample while at the same time carrying out an in-situ degassing of a second sample. At the end of both the analysis and the degassing process, the heating mantle is switched with the dewar and the analysis continues on the second sample. Alternatively, both stations can be used for sample activation.

A two-station analysis setup with integrated sample preparation is also available with the model 3P meso 222. This system allows simultaneous analysis of two samples.

The 3P meso 400 is a compact sorption analyzer with four completely independent analysis stations for the determination of BET surface area, total pore volume and pore size distributions of meso- and macroporous materials. Each analysis station can be programmed individually and started at any given time. This is achieved by four independent dosing volumes and without any time loss.

  • Technical Specs

    • One (3P meso 112), two (3P meso 222) or four (3P meso 400) independent analysis stations
    • Integrated in-situ sample degassing and independent manifold volumes with individual pressure sensors
    • Besides Nitrogen, other adsorbates are possible such as CO2, Ar, Kr, H2, O2, CO, NH3 or CH4
    • Software-assisted presentation of isotherms and kinetic data (equilibrium pressure vs. Time)
    • Static-volumetric analysis setup
    • State-of-the-art internal pressure regulation
    • Single-/Multipoint-BET-surface area determination (DIN 66131, ISO 9277)
    • Langmuir surface area
    • Adsorption and desorption isotherms
    • Total pore volume and average pore radius
    • NLDFT (density functional theory)
    • Mesopore size distribution according to BJH (DIN 66134) and DH method
    • Micropore analysis (DIN 66135) according to t-plot, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Horvath-Kawazoe and Saito-Foley method
  • Techniques

    BET Surface Area

    Gas Adsorption

  • Applications

    CO2 Absorption Study

    Porous Materials

    Micropore Absorption

    Surface & Pore Structure

    Ultra-micropores

    Adsoptives

    Micropores

    Isotherms

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Surface DX

3P Instruments
Surface DX

Gas Sorption Analyser

  • 4 parallel operating analysis stations
  • Single- and Multipoint-BET measurements
  • Fully automated real-time determination of the specific surface area

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Beckman Coulter LS 13 320 XR Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analyser 21 CFR Part 11

Surface DX Gas Sorption Analyser

The 3P surface DX is a fully automated gas sorption analyser with four parallel operating analysis stations for rapid BET surface area determination. The instrument operates without a vacuum system but works with the dynamic principle (flow method). Both Single- and Multipoint-BET measurements can be carried out reliably and in very short times suitable for production and quality control. Use of reference comparison methods keeps the detection time of adsorption peaks extremely short.

  • Key Features

    • 4 parallel operating analysis stations
    • Fully automated real-time determination of the specific surface area
    • Single- and Multipoint-BET measurements
    • Dynamic adsorption measurements
    • Besides Nitrogen, analysis is possible with other gases
    • Reference comparison method for very short analysis times
    • Automatic adaptation to the vapor saturation pressure of Nitrogen
    • Automatic determination of equilibrium conditions
    • Automatic zeroing of thermal conductivity detector (TCD)
  • Technology

    Gas Sorption

    Using the 3P Surface DX Gas Sorption Analyser to analyse surface area involves several steps.

    First, prepare the sample by degassing it to remove adsorbed contaminants. Place the sample in the analysis chamber and select the appropriate gas for adsorption, typically nitrogen. Initiate the analysis via the user-friendly interface, which will control the adsorption and desorption processes. The instrument measures the amount of gas adsorbed onto the sample’s surface at different pressures. Using the BET theory, it calculates the surface area from the adsorption isotherms. The automated data collection and real-time analysis features provide precise, reproducible results for comprehensive surface area.

  • Applications

    CO2 Absorption Study

    Porous Materials

    Micropore Absorption

    Surface & Pore Structure

    Ultra-micropores

    Adsoptives

    Micropores

    Isotherms

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graviSorb Series

3P Instruments
graviSorb Series

Gravimetric Water Sorption Analyser

  • Complete automated system: automatic weighing & changing of climate according to settings of the user
  • Easy-to-use, with a minimum of maintenance
  • User-friendly software with advanced Excel export

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Beckman Coulter LS 13 320 XR Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analyser 21 CFR Part 11

graviSorb Gravimetric Water Sorption Analyser

The 3P graviSorb is a fully automated, gravimetric, multi-sample, high load capacity, high resolution, and dynamic water vapor sorption analyser. It measures adsorption and desorption isotherms of water vapor both accurately and sensitively, including sorption kinetics, with minimal operator involvement. The weight of up to 12 samples is monitored and recorded as the relative humidity is automatically varied by blending dry carrier gas with a saturated gas stream. The carousel balance design of the 3P graviSorb allows increased analysis throughput by simultaneous investigation of up to 12 different samples, or 11 + 1 if one station is running an empty sample chamber or even a reference material for direct comparison. The 3P graviSorb is an ideal solution for the determination of water uptakes for research and quality assurance. The complete automatic measuring process together with the precise balance, broad climate range and user-friendly software make it the ideal instrument for high sample throughput with a minimum of costs and maintenance.

  • Key Features

    • Complete automated system: automatic weighing & changing of climate according to settings of the user
    • Easy-to-use, with a minimum of maintenance
    • User-friendly software with advanced Excel export
    • Results storage in a database with backup function
    • High sample weight capacity, up to 125 g (up to 250 g as an option)
    • High resolution & precision by using a 0.01 mg resolution balance
    • 12 (11+1) samples can be measured simultaneously
  • Techniques

    Vapour Sorption

  • Measurement Capabilities

    • Isotherms: Mass change as a function of changing relative humidity, increasing mass during adsorption (increasing %RH), decreasing mass during subsequent desorption (decreasing %RH)
    • Kinetics: time-dependent sorption studies give the rate of ad- and desorption
    • Effect of Temperature: isotherms and kinetics change as a function of temperature. Can be used to yield sorption enthalpies.

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mixSorb S Series

3P Instruments
mixSorb S Series

Breakthrough Curve Analyser 

  • In-situ sample preparation up to 400 °C
  • Fully automated control via PC by using mixSorb Manager
  • Up to 4 high precision mass flow controllers

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Beckman Coulter LS 13 320 XR Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analyser 21 CFR Part 11

mixSorb S breakthrough curve analyser

The mixSorb S breakthrough curve analyser provides unique capabilities to investigate novel materials, like MOFs, COFs etc. by mixed gas adsorption. Novel materials are in the focus of research in recent last years. These materials can have very high selectivities due to their extraordinary surface chemistry and have to be investigated by mixed gas sorption for a deeper understanding of their sorption behaviour.

In contrast to the mixSorb L series, the mixSorb S series is designed for very small sample amounts (powders). Especially R&D groups have now the possibility to measure newly synthesized materials by complex dynamic sorption processes in a wide field of different gas- and gas/vapor-mixtures by using different parameters like pressure, temperature gas velocity/dwell times, cycle tests and much more. These experiments allow getting data, next to the effective adsorption performance, of kinetics, co-adsorption phenomenon or displacement effects, sorption selectivities, data of gas mixture adsorption and heat balance of the sorption process.

By using the available vapor option it is possible to work up to 2 completely independent evaporators to form fully automated and individually gas/vapor mixtures. These data allow a profound look at the co-adsorption phenomenon or displacement effects.

The related modelling software 3P sim made it possible to calculate and to modify pure gas isotherms as well as breakthrough curves and to calculate the behaviour of gas/vapor-mixture equilibria.

  • Key Features

    • Determination of breakthrough curves
    • Investigation of co-adsorption and displacement
    • Determination of sorption selectivity
    • Estimation of applicability of synthesized materials in technical processes
    • Dynamic adsorption and desorption experiments
    • Determination of single- and multi-component adsorption data
    • Investigation of kinetic performance of novel materials
    • In-situ sample preparation up to 400 °C
    • Fully automated control via PC by using mixSorb Manager
    • Automated regulation of the adsorber pressure up to 8 bar
    • Up to 4 high precision mass flow controllers
    • Automated built-in gas and gas/vapor mixing
    • Measurement of inlet and outlet gas composition
    • Tempering of sample cell by thermostat automatically
    • Monitoring of pressure drop along the sample cell
    • Built-in Thermo Conductivity Detector (TCD); optional gas analysis via interfaced Mass Spectrometer
    • Safety guard sensor for flammable gases for automatic shut down
    • Enhanced Safety by intelligent illuminated workspace
  • Techniques

    Vapour Adsorption

    Mixed Adsorption of Gases

    Breakthrough Curves

  • models

    Model

    S

    S eco S ambient SHP eco

    SHP

    Pressure range

    0.1 – 8 bar

    0.1 – 8 bar 0.1 bar – ambient 0.1 – 35 bar

    0.1 – 68 bar

    No. of MFCs

    2 – 4

    Required inlet pressure

    15 bar

    15 bar 15 bar 85 bar

    85 bar

    No. of Evaporators

    Up to 2

    Pressure control

    Yes

    Yes No Yes

    Yes

    Simulation Software

    Incl.

    Optional Incl. Optional

    Incl.

    Gas sensor

    Yes

    No Yes No

    Yes

    TCD

    Incl. 13 factory calibrations

    Incl. 1 factory calibration Incl. 13 factory calibrations Incl. 1 factory calibration

    Incl. 13 factory calibrations

    Sample bed temperature sensors

    Up to 4

    Sample loading

    < 0.1 cm³ – 5 cm³, customized adsorbers on requests

    Temperature range heating mantle

    Ambient – 400 °C

    Temperature range circulator bath

    -20 °C – 90 °C

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mixSorb L Series

3P Instruments
mixSorb L Series

Breakthrough Curve Analyser 

  • Broad temperature reange
  • Broad pressure range
  • Investigate arbitrarily complex dynamic sorption processes

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Beckman Coulter LS 13 320 XR Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analyser 21 CFR Part 11

mixSorb L Breakthrough Curve Analyser

The mixSorb L Breakthrough Curve Analyser provides unique capabilities to investigate arbitrarily complex dynamic sorption processes in a uniquely safe and easy-to-use bench-top instrument. Technical adsorbents such as zeolites, active carbons, silica gels, etc. can be investigated under authentic process conditions at a broad temperature (-20 °C to 400 °C) and pressure (up to 85 bar) range, with adjustable gas flow rates up to 40 L/min and well-defined gas compositions.

The mixSorb S series provides unique capabilities to investigate novel materials, like MOFs COFs etc. by mixed gas adsorption, especially for R&D.

  • Key Features

    • Determination of breakthrough curves
    • Investigation of kinetic performance of adsorbents
    • Investigation of co-adsorption and displacement
    • Determination of sorption selectivity
    • Reasonable downscaling of technical separation
    • Dynamic adsorption and desorption experiments
    • Determination of single- and multi-component adsorption data
    • In-situ sample preparation up to 400 °C
    • Fully automated control via PC
    • Automated regulation of the adsorber pressure up to 10 bar
    • Up to 4 high precision mass flow controllers
    • Automated built-in gas mixing
    • Measurement of inlet and outlet gas composition
    • Pre-tempering of inlet gas and tempering of adsorber
    • Monitoring of inlet gas temperature
    • Determination of heat profiles in the adsorber with four temperature sensors
    • Monitoring of pressure drop along the adsorber
    • Built-in Thermo Conductivity Detector (TCD)
    • Optional gas analysis via interfaced Mass Spectrometer
    • Safety guard sensor for flammable gases for automatic shut down
    • Enhanced Safety by intelligent illuminated workspace
  • Models

  • Techniques

    Vapour Adsorption

  • Accessories

    Optional small adsorber column

    • (d = 1 cm, h = 6 cm) with temperature probe
    • 1 temperature sensor

    Vapor option for mixSorb L

    • to supply gas-/vapor mixtures
    • possibility to transport liquid mixtures in the evaporator

    Vacuum Option

    • Allows connection of a vacuum pump for sample pre-treatment or measurment atlower pressures or for evacuation of the adsorber < 1 bar (membrane- or scroll-vacuum pump)

    Mass Spectrometer

    • for investigation of ternary or quaternary gas mixtures
    • different Mass Spectrometer are available

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    sync Series

    3P Instruments
    sync Series

    Multiple Station Physisorption Analyser 

    • Up to 4 parallel analysis stations
    • Single-/Multipoint-BET surface area (DIN 66131, ISO 9277)
    • Real data down to 10nmSoftware-assisted presentation of isotherms and kinetic data (equilibrium pressure vs. Time)

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    Beckman Coulter LS 13 320 XR Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analyser 21 CFR Part 11

    3P sync – Gas adsorption analyser

    With the 3P sync gas adsorption analyser, 3P Instruments offers a new measuring instrument with up to four measuring stations and a separate p0 measuring cell for simultaneous measurement of the saturation vapor pressure. The stations and measuring cell are temperature controlled by a single cold dewar. Thus, the 3P sync enables the highest sample throughput with the smallest possible space requirement and minimum liquid nitrogen consumption. Depending on the sample volume, it can be configured individually as a 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-station instrument. In addition, the number of pressure transducers can be configured at the measuring station. If the instrument is to be equipped with the fastest possible measuring configuration, a separate pressure sensor can be integrated in each of the four measuring stations. If the measuring speed is not relevant (e.g., for measurements overnight), the measuring instrument can be equipped with only one pressure sensor for up to four measuring stations. Depending on the price/performance ratio, less than six pressure sensors can be integrated, resulting in seven different 3P sync model configurations.

    • Technical Specs

      • Up to 4 parallel analysis stations
      • Up to 6 pressure sensors for high precision / high speed analyses
      • Software-assisted presentation of isotherms and kinetic data (equilibrium pressure vs. Time)
      • Static-volumetric analysis setup
      • State-of-the-art internal pressure regulators
      • Single-/Multipoint-BET surface area (DIN 66131, ISO 9277)
      • Langmuir surface area
      • Adsorption and desorption isotherms
      • Total pore volume and average pore radius
      • NLDFT (density functional theory)
      • Mesopore size distribution according to BJH (DIN 66134) and DH method
    • Techniques

      BET Surface Area

      Gas Adsorption

    • Applications

      CO2 Absorption Study

      Porous Materials

      Micropore Absorption

      Surface & Pore Structure

      Ultra-micropores

      Adsoptives

      Micropores

      Isotherms

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    cryoTune

    3P Instruments
    cryoTune series

    Gas Sorption Analyser 

    • Temperature Range 77 K – 323 K
    • Easy-to-use software
    • Up to 3 devices can be controlled at once

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    Beckman Coulter LS 13 320 XR Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analyser 21 CFR Part 11

    3P cryoTune offers gas sorption measurements

    Realisation of measuring temperatures for sorption experiments from 77 K – 323 K

    The cryoTune series opens new horizons for gas sorption measurements. It offers the possibility for almost all volumetric sorption instruments, no matter if newer or older production dates, to follow the ISO 9277 /1/ for BET measurements as well as the IUPAC recommendation for micropore characterization /2/. Both publications explain that noble gases, unlike the nitrogen molecule, have a spherical symmetry and no quadrupole moment. Therefore, the adsorption of noble gas atoms results from a pure van-der-Waals interaction and the atoms do not have different orientations on the adsorbent surface.

    • Technical Specs

      • Temperature range 77 K – 323 K
      • Temperature stability ± 0,004 K (standard deviation)
      • Easy-to-use software for data acquisition, display, analysis and archiving
      • Up to three cryoTune devices can be controlled by the software via a single USB port
      • The universal cryoTune can be used with any commercial gas sorption device that accepts external temperature control for sorption measurements
    • Absorptives

      Adsorptive Boiling point T / K ρLiquid / g cm-3 Critical diameter of atom/molecule / nm /3/ am for BET surface from ρLiquid *4 / nm2 p0 / kPa

      Non-ideality factor Fni of the adsorptive *3

      Ar

      87 1.39 0.34 0.143 101 4.27·10-5

      Kr

      120 2.41 0.36 0.163 101

      3.83·10-5

      Xe

      165 2.94 0.41 0.192 101

      3.71·10-5

      SF6

      209 1.91 0.67 0.276 101

      3.87·10-5

      CH4

      112 0.42 0.40 0.174 101

      4.26·10-5

      Ethane

      184 0.54 0.44 0.223 101

      3.86·10-5

      Propane

      231 0.58 0.49 0.275 101

      3.93·10-5

      n-Butane

      273 0.60 0.49 0.322 101

      4.05·10-5

      O2 90 1.14 0.28 0.141 101

      4.09·10-5

      N2

      77 0.81 0.30 0.162 101

      5.21·10-5

      CO2 195*1 1.26 0.28 0.164*2 188*2

      2.09·10-5

      Ethene 196 0.58 0.39 0.203 101

      3.71·10-5

      CO 82 0.94 0.37 0.147 101

      5.11·10-5

      NH3 240 0.70 0.29 0.128 101

      4.17·10-5

      iso-Butane 261 0.59 0.51 0.325 101

      1.71·10-5

      *1…sublimation point

      *2…p0 and ρLiquid of the undercooled liquid

      *3…mean value from van der Waals- und Bethelot equations

      *4…calculated according to:

    • Applications

      CO2 Absorption Study

      Porous Materials

      Micropore Absorption

      Surface & Pore Structure

      Ultra-micropores

      Adsoptives

      Micropores

      Isotherms

    • Techniques

      Gas Adsorption

    • Models

      Although a cryoTune can work as stand-alone without a PC, it is delivered with software that can display and record the real time temperature. The cryoTune series consists of three versions, which can be purchased individually or as a package. All models are connected to a measuring station of your sorption device. If you have a multi-station device in use, it is possible to connect several cryoTunes.

      The cryoTune 77 is an option for sorption experiments at 77.35 – 78 K with a temperature control accuracy of better than 0.004 K for realizing temperature-stable, isothermal measurements with nitrogen and other gases. Particularly useful for krypton, argon or methane when saturation vapor pressure cannot be measured during measurement and accordingly cannot be corrected. The cryoTune 77 significantly increases measurement accuracy and reproducibility of measurements close to 77 K, due to the exact temperature control no p0 correction is necessary.

      The cryoTune 87 covers the temperature range 82 – 135 K, making the cryoTune 87 the standard option for Ar 87 K measurements for surface and pore analysis recommended in ISO 9277 and IUPAC recommendation of 2015.

      The cryoTune 195 is the cryoTune version for isotherm measurements in the range of 180 – 323 K. This allows CO2 measurements in particular, but also measurements of other adsorptives such as ethane or propane at their boiling temperatures. For such measurements you neither need a refrigeration thermostat, nor a dry ice refrigeration mixture nor a double-walled additional Dewar. Among others, the cryoTune 195 enables the following CO2 measurement possibilities:

      • CO2 adsorption at 273 K
      • CO2 adsorption at 195 K up to a relative pressure of ca. p/p0= 0.5 (the entire micropore filling including the BET range can be detected, e.g. for ultra-micropores, where N2 at 77 K is not applicable)
      • Measurement of isotherm sets at different temperatures for thermodynamic evaluations, e.g. in the ranges around 273 K or 195 K or over the entire temperature range

      The cryoTune 120 completes the cryoTune series and enables long-term measurements especially in the range 115 K (boiling temperature of krypton) over 165 K (boiling temperature of xenon) up to 230 K. The combination cryoTune 87 and 120 thus allows the use of three noble gases at their boiling temperature: Argon 87 K, Krypton 120 K and Xenon 165 K, as well as a multitude of other measurement possibilities with Ar, O2, methane, ethane or propane.

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    Magnometer

    Mageleka
    MagnoMeter XRSTM

    Particle Suspension Characterisation Analyser

    • Remote operation for controlled or hazardous substances
    • Direct Digital Synthesis technology
    • Simple and intuitive software

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    Beckman Coulter LS 13 320 XR Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analyser 21 CFR Part 11

    MagnoMeter XRS – Particle Suspension Characterisation Analyser

    The MagnoMeter XRS™ suite of instruments provides unmatched functionality and unparalleled particle suspension characterisation analyser, at any stage of the formulation or manufacture process, across any industry.

    Mageleka’s flagship instrument is the MagnoMeter XRS™ RelaxoMeter, a powerful and versatile next-generation benchtop low-field NMR spectrometer that provides fast, accurate, particle suspension characterisation and solid-liquid interface analysis of dispersions and liquid-liquid interface analysis of emulsions. It is ideal for fundamental formulation R&D, rapid QC of incoming raw materials, and QA of final commercial products.

    The RelaxoMeter Flow is ideal for use with heterogeneous suspensions where batch sampling is problematic. Use it to monitor milling processes in real time, and under industry-relevant conditions. Also for investigation of the impact of continuous addition of chemical reactants, and for laboratory studies of process control.

    The SedimentoMeter is a simple benchtop device for: determining settling/sedimentation rates of slurries, investigating particle aggregation (coagulation/flocculation), and measuring fast or slow kinetic processes and mechanisms. It is ideal for accelerated aging and shelf-storage studies

    • Key Features

      Separate magnet/probe assembly pod

      Easily exchangeable for different nuclei and/or higher field strength magnets

      Highly customizable pulse sequencing

      Phase cycling, composite pulses, two channel RF, and 1D, 2D, and 3D shaped gradients

      Remote operation

      For use in controlled, hazardous, or radioactive environments.

      Uses regular length NMR tubes

      Four diameters available, from 2mm (highest resolution) to 10mm (lowest resolution)

      Simple and intuitive software

      Easy to use and upgrade PC software and a dedicated dual core ARM9 processor running Debian

      All industry relevant concentrations

      Measure materials or products at any stage of the formulation and manufacturing process

    • Applications

      Raw Materials

      Ink-jet

      API Solution

      Pigment Dispersion

      Cosmetics

    • Capabilities

      Separate magnet/sample probe assembly

      The magnet/sample probe assembly – called a MagnoPod™ – is a separate, temperature-controlled unit. This practical feature allows the MagnoMeter XRS™ devices to be operated remotely. Each unit can accommodate multiple MagnoPods™, which adds flexibility and extends the scope of any application. The MagnoMeter XRS™ devices are ideal for use in controlled or hazardous environments, and can be integrated into production equipment. The small footprint saves space in any lab, and the low weight makes it easily portable.

      By direct digital synthesis (DDS)

      At the heart of the MagnoMeter XRS™ is state-of-the-art NMR technology (patent-pending). It features Direct Digital Synthesis, which incorporates a software defined radio device. Radio frequency generation and detection is done digitally; there are no analogue multiplexing steps in detecting the NMR signal. This next-generation technology provides the MagnoMeter XRS™ devices with exceptional resolution of complex solid-liquid and liquid-liquid formulations at any concentration – and at significantly faster speeds than the competition.

      MagnoSoft™: simple and intuitive software

      Measurements using the MagnoMeter XRS™ devices are based on the simple and intuitive MagnoSoft™ program, and operation requires minimal training and expertise. The MagnoSoft™ program can control multiple MagnoPods™ from one central control unit, which adds incredible flexibility and eliminates the need to purchase multiple instruments.

      Highly-customisable pulse sequencing

      The MagnoMeter XRS™ features phase cycling, composite pulses, and two-channel radio frequency and 3D shaped gradients, all customizable by the pulse programming interface of the MagnoSoft™ program. This makes possible 1D, 2D, and 3D imaging, robust self-diffusion measurement (10-9 to 10-13 m2s-1), droplet sizing analysis, polymer characterization in solution and melts, and more.

      Uses regular length NMR tubes

      With the MagnoMeter XRS™ there is no need to change the way you work – or the type of NMR tube you use. It is challenging to fill a narrow NMR tube with a highly viscous fluid, so larger-diameter tubes are needed. Conversely, when sample volume is very low, or higher resolution is needed, a narrow-diameter tube is ideal. Accordingly, the MagnoPod™ can accommodate four different diameter NMR tubes: 2 mm (highest resolution), 4 mm (standard resolution), 8 mm (lower resolution) and 10 mm (lowest resolution).

      Measurements have never been easier

      The MagnoMeter XRS suite of products offers the user a wide degree of flexibilty to meet their individual need. Do you need to measure samples at multiple locations, or analyse multiple nuclei? The MagnoPod™ is easily exchangeable, and convenient additional pods are available for a wide range of nuclei (including 7Li, 19F and 32P). Multiple MagnoPods™ can be connected and driven by one controller, all run by the powerful MagnoSoft™ program. Sometimes the difference between success and failure is a matter of degrees. All MagnoPods™ come standard with a temperature exchanger unit installed. An optional upgrade to a Peltier controlled system is available. Need more resolution? Higher field magnets are available. Talk to us, and we can tailor the MagnoMeter XRS™ to meet your specific needs.

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    AMI-EZ

    3P Instruments
    AMI-EZ

    Chemisorption Analyser

    • Temperature programmed desorption (TPD)
    • Temperature programmed reduction/oxidation (TPR/O)
    • Pulse chemisorption & calibrations
    • Catalyst treatment
    • Gas phase reaction studies

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    Beckman Coulter LS 13 320 XR Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analyser 21 CFR Part 11

    AMI-EZ Chemisorption Analyser

    The new AMI-EZ – An automated chemisorption analyzer for the budget conscious user

    Forty years ago, Altamira designed and built the first fully automated chemisorption system. The various AMI models have been known for high quality performance and long-term reliability. Always innovating with the latest features and software functionality, they have set the benchmark for others to follow.

    Today, our fully-featured AMI-300 can be seen in top labs around the world. But, sometimes simplicity and basic functionality is all that is required. That’s where the AMI-EZ fits in. For our users that don’t require all the “bells and whistles” of our flagship AMI-300, the AMI-EZ offers the same reliability and testing capabilities of higher priced instruments, but at a fraction of the price.

    A high-quality programmable furnace is standard with heating up to 500 °C. An optional high-temperature furnace is available for 1200 °C operation, including fast cool down capabilities.

    Like our other AMI Chemisorption Instruments, the AMI-EZ operates on an unattended basis and comes with our user-friendly LabVIEW designed software package. LabView is used for programming, monitoring, and data analysis and comes fully loaded and ready to run on the latest PC.

    The instrument layout was designed with the service engineer in mind. All components are easily accessible and of high quality, with self-diagnostic features available through the operating software. To prevent interference from any moisture formed during reactions, an analytical trap is provided down-stream of the sample holder that can be filled with a desiccant or set up as a cold-trap. For sample analysis, a high quality, linear Thermal Conductivity Detector (TCD) is included, with heating capabilities up to 200 °C to help prevent condensation and corrosion.

    For sample calibration, a 500 µl loop is provided, or one of customer specification. Calibrations can be run automatically and data analyzed, with your calibration run, through the LabView software.

    The LabVIEW based software package automates control and monitoring of all valve positions, temperatures and detector parameters and provides the read outs with visual indication of the gas flow paths, live. A separate data analysis package performs all calculations for the user, based upon the data from each experiment. Software operations include peak-integration, calculating chemisorptive parameters, peak fit and overlay data. A full report on each run can be printed out.

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